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⚙️ Styles | ACS |
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📚 Sources | Websites, books, articles |
🔎 Autocite | Search by title, URL, DOI, ISBN |
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ACS style is a way of citing your sources by providing full information on them all in a numbered reference list at the end of your paper and referring to them by means of the corresponding number in the text.
ACS stands for the American Chemical Society, the organization responsible for the ACS Guide to Scholarly Communication, which explains the rules of the style. ACS style is widely used in the discipline of chemistry.
Scribbr’s free citation generator can create accurate ACS style citations for a wide variety of sources.
The numbered reference list appears at the end of your text, providing full information on all the sources you’ve cited. Sources are numbered in the order in which they were first cited.
A reference entry tends to list the author, title, publisher or publication that contains the source, publication date, and URL and DOI if relevant.
References for different source types contain different details, based on what information is available and useful for identifying the source in question. Explore the tabs to see formats and examples for common source types.
Format | Author last name, Initial(s). Page title. URL (accessed Year–Month–Day). |
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Example | 1. Bevans, R. Test Statistics | Definition, Interpretation, and Examples. https://www.scribbr.com/statistics/test-statistic/ (accessed 2022-11-10). |
When some of the information you need for the reference is missing, you can work around this in various ways, depending on what information is unavailable.
Missing element | What to do | Parenthetical citation |
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No author | List the organization that published the source in the author position.
If there’s no organization to list, start the reference entry with the source title instead. | 1. Scribbr. Test Statistics | Definition, Interpretation, and Examples. https://www.scribbr.com/statistics/test-statistic/ (accessed 2022-11-10).
2. Test Statistics | Definition, Interpretation, and Examples. https://www.scribbr.com/statistics/test-statistic/ (accessed 2022-11-10). |
No date | For a webpage, just include an access date.
For other kinds of sources that normally require a date, replace this element with “n.d.” (which stands for “no date”). | 3. Bevans, R. Test Statistics | Definition, Interpretation, and Examples.) https://www.scribbr.com/statistics/test-statistic/ (accessed 2022-11-10).
4. Stevens, E. S. Green Plastics: An Introduction to the New Science of Biodegradable Plastics; Princeton University Press, n.d. |
ACS Citation Generator
In-text citations in ACS style consist of the number of the relevant reference entry, either italicized and in parentheses (1) or in superscript.1 You should stick to one of these styles, not a mix of the two. Include a citation whenever you quote or paraphrase a source.
Each source has one number. If you cite a source more than once, use the same number each time.
It’s not mandatory to name the author of a source when citing it in ACS style, but you can do so if you want. When you cite a source with two or more authors, mention the first name followed by “et al.” (which means “and others”).
Example | |
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1 author | This point is supported by Rosaria (1). |
2 authors | Kenneth and Arran (2) point out that … |
3+ authors | As indicated by Iuliana et al. (3), … |
Author(s) not mentioned | Another study (4) suggests that … |
Sometimes, you may want to cite multiple sources at the same point in your text. You can do this by combining them with an en dash or with commas.
Example with parentheses | Example with superscript | |
---|---|---|
One source | (11) | 11 |
Nonconsecutive sources | (10, 12) | 10,12 |
Range of sources | (13–15) | 13–15 |
Both | (4, 7–10, 14) | 4,7–10,14 |
ACS Citation Generator
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