The content of the conclusion varies depending on whether your paper presents the results of original empirical research or constructs an argument through engagement with sources.
The steps below show you how to construct an effective conclusion for either type of research paper.
Published on
October 29, 2022
by
Jack Caulfield.
Revised on
January 27, 2023.
Second-person pronouns are words like “you” that refer to the person or people being spoken or written to. Like first- and third-person pronouns, they are a type of personal pronoun.
The second person is used frequently in everyday speech and even in some formal speech and writing, but it should be avoided in academic writing.
Second-person pronouns vary less in form than other kinds of personal pronouns. You can see all the forms in the table below, with more detailed explanation in the following sections.
Published on
October 17, 2022
by
Jack Caulfield.
Revised on
March 2, 2023.
A pronoun is a word that stands in for a noun, often to avoid the need to repeat the same noun over and over. Like nouns, pronouns can refer to people, things, concepts, and places. Most sentences contain at least one noun or pronoun.
People tend to use “pronouns” to mean personal pronouns specifically, but there are many other kinds of pronouns that are just as important to English grammar. The words highlighted in bold below are all pronouns.
Examples: PronounsI asked her if the headphones were hers, but she said they belonged to someone else.
It might rain tomorrow, but there isn’t much we can do about that.
These are the days that I like best.
Which of them do you prefer? Help yourself to whichever you like.
Published on
October 17, 2022
by
Jack Caulfield.
Revised on
February 23, 2023.
First-person pronouns are words such as “I” and “us” that refer either to the person who said or wrote them (singular), or to a group including the speaker or writer (plural). Like second- and third-person pronouns, they are a type of personal pronoun.
There are four types of first-person pronouns—subject, object, possessive, and reflexive—each of which has a singular and a plural form. They’re shown in the table below and explained in more detail in the following sections.
Published on
October 15, 2022
by
Jack Caulfield.
Revised on
February 24, 2023.
Personal pronouns are words like “you” that refer to the person speaking or writing, to the person they’re addressing, or to other people and things.
Like other pronouns, they are used in place of nouns to allow us to speak and write more concisely. For example, without the first-person pronoun “I,” you would have to use your name every time you wanted to make a statement about yourself.
Personal pronouns change form based on person, number, gender, and case, as shown in the table below, which you can also download.
Published on
October 6, 2022
by
Jack Caulfield.
Revised on
December 5, 2022.
Good grammar is important to expressing yourself clearly, especially in professional contexts and in academic writing. There are countless free grammar checkers available online, but which ones are really reliable?
To find out, we tested 10 of the most popular free grammar checkers, checking how many errors they could fix in our sample text and deducting points for any new errors introduced. We also assessed the tools’ user-friendliness. The results show a clear winner: QuillBot.
DisclaimerScribbr is affiliated with QuillBot through our parent company, Course Hero, Inc., and our own grammar checker is powered by QuillBot. However, special care was taken to test all tools in an objective and unbiased way, without giving QuillBot and Scribbr any unfair advantages.
The introduction looks slightly different depending on whether your paper presents the results of original empirical research or constructs an argument by engaging with a variety of sources.
The five steps in this article will help you put together an effective introduction for either type of research paper.
An AMA in-text citation for a book consists of the number of the relevant reference, written in superscript. You can also add a page number or range in parentheses if you need to cite a specific part of the book. Make sure to pay attention to punctuation (e.g., commas, quotation marks) in your citations.
AMA format
Author last name Initials. Book Title:Subtitle. Publisher; Year.
Published on
September 16, 2022
by
Jack Caulfield.
Revised on
October 18, 2022.
To cite a journal article in AMA citation format, you need an AMA reference listing the author’s name, article title (in sentence case), journal name (title case, italicized, and abbreviated), publication year, volume, issue, page range of the article, and DOI if available.
An AMA in-text citation for a journal article consists of the number of the relevant reference, written in superscript. You can also add page numbers in parentheses if you need to refer to a specific part of the article.
AMA format
Author last name Initials. Article title. Journal Name. Year;Volume(Issue):Page range. DOI or URL.
Published on
September 12, 2022
by
Jack Caulfield.
Revised on
October 18, 2022.
To cite a website or webpage in AMA citation format, you need to include the author’s name, the page title (in sentence case), the website name (title case), the URL, the publication date, and the access date.
An AMA in-text citation for a website just consists of the number of the relevant reference, written in superscript. Make sure to pay attention to punctuation (e.g., commas, periods).
AMA format
Author last name Initials. Page title. Website Name. Published Month Day, Year. Accessed Month Day, Year. URL.
Zarefsky M. What sets back care for transgender students in the exam room. American Medical Association. Published June 24, 2022. Accessed September 9, 2022. https://www.ama-assn.org/delivering-care/population-care/what-sets-back-care-transgender-patients-exam-room.
