Published on
December 9, 2020
by
Jack Caulfield.
Revised on
June 16, 2022.
To cite the Bible in 7th editionAPA Style, use the general book citation format, omitting the author element and listing the specific version used (not just “The Bible”) as the title. Include a URL if you accessed an online version.
To cite a specific passage from the Bible, include an abbreviated book title followed by a chapter and verse number in the in-text citation.
Published on
December 7, 2020
by
Jack Caulfield.
Revised on
June 16, 2022.
To cite a PowerPoint or other slide-based presentation in MLA style, the format depends on how you viewed the presentation.
If the slides are available to view online, the format is similar to that for a website: provide the author and title of the presentation, the name of the site in italics, the date it was posted, and the URL.
Use a slide number to indicate the location of the relevant information in in-text citations.
MLA format
Author last name, First name. “Presentation Title.” Website Name, Day Month Year, URL.
Published on
December 7, 2020
by
Jack Caulfield.
Revised on
June 16, 2022.
To cite a TED Talk in APA Style, the format differs slightly depending on whether you viewed it on TED’s website or on YouTube.
To cite a TED Talk from the TED site, list the speaker as author, give the date listed on the site, include “Video” in square brackets after the title, list the publisher as “TED Conferences,” and give the URL.
APA format
Speaker last name, Initials. (Year, Month). Talk title [Video]. TED Conferences. URL
Sivaram, V. (2020, October). India’s historic opportunity to industrialize using clean energy [Video]. TED Conferences. https://www.ted.com/talks/varun_sivaram_india_s_historic_opportunity_to_industrialize_using_clean_energy
Published on
December 3, 2020
by
Jack Caulfield.
Revised on
June 16, 2022.
The format for citing a song in MLA depends on the medium in which you listened to it.
To cite a song accessed through an online streaming service, list the performer (or group) as author, the song title in quotation marks, the name of the site in italics, and the URL where the song can be found. Omit “the” from a band name, e.g. “Beatles,” not “the Beatles.”
If relevant, use a timestamp to indicate a specific part of the song in the in-text citation.
MLA format
Performer last name, First name. “Song Title.” Website Name. URL.
Published on
November 20, 2020
by
Jack Caulfield.
Revised on
June 16, 2022.
The format in which you cite an image in MLA style depends on where you viewed the image. Images are often found by searching online; in this case, you’ll cite the website where the image is hosted, in the following format.
MLA format
Creator last name, First name. “Image Title.” orDescription of image. Website Name, Day Month Year, URL.
Published on
November 12, 2020
by
Jack Caulfield.
Revised on
June 16, 2022.
This article reflects the APA 7th edition guidelines. Click here for APA 6th edition guidelines.
To cite an online encyclopedia entry in APA Style, start with the author of the entry (if listed), followed by the publication year, the entry title, the name of the editor, the encyclopedia name, the edition, the publisher, and the URL.
APA format
Author last name, Initials. (Year). Entry name. In Editor initials. Last name (Ed.), Encyclopedia name (Edition). Publisher. URL
Wheeler, G. (2020). Bounded rationality. In E. N. Zalta (Ed.), Stanford encyclopedia of philosophy (Fall 2020 ed.). Stanford University. https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/bounded-rationality/
Published on
November 6, 2020
by
Jack Caulfield.
Revised on
June 17, 2022.
This article reflects the APA 7th edition guidelines. Click here for APA 6th edition guidelines.
To reference a PowerPoint presentation in APA Style, include the name of the author (whoever presented the PowerPoint), the date it was presented, the title (italicized), “PowerPoint slides” in square brackets, the name of the department and university, and the URL where the PowerPoint can be found.
APA format
Author name, Initials. (Year, Month Day). PowerPoint title [PowerPoint slides]. Department Name, University Name. URL
Simonton, D. K. (2013). The mad-genius controversy [PowerPoint slides]. College of Education, University of Iowa. https://simonton.faculty.ucdavis.edu/wp-content/uploads/sites/243/2015/08/IowaDeltaMadGenius.pdf
If the PowerPoint is not accessible to your readers, cite it as a personal communication instead. Note that to cite a video of a presentation (e.g. a TED Talk) or a quotation from a speech, different formats are used.
Published on
November 6, 2020
by
Jack Caulfield.
Revised on
June 16, 2022.
This article reflects the APA 7th edition guidelines. Click here for APA 6th edition guidelines.
A patent is a legal document acknowledging an invention as the intellectual property of its inventor. Though they fall under legal materials, references for patents follow standard APA Style, rather than the legal style used for things like court cases and laws.
To cite a patent in APA Style, list the name of the inventor, the year it was issued (in parentheses), the title of the patent (in italics), the patent number, the name of the issuing body, and the URL if available.
APA format
Inventor name, Initials. (Year). Title of patent (Country/Region Patent No. Number). Issuing Body. URL
Published on
November 6, 2020
by
Jack Caulfield.
Revised on
June 16, 2022.
This article reflects the APA 7th edition guidelines. Click here for APA 6th edition guidelines.
The format for citing conference papers in APA Style depends on whether the paper has been published, and if so, in what format. Note that a separate format exists for citing dissertations.
To cite a paper that has been presented at a conference but not published, include the author’s name, the date of the conference, the title of the paper (italicized), “Paper presentation” in square brackets, the name and location of the conference, and a URL or DOI if available.
APA format
Author name, Initials. (Year, MonthDay–Day). Paper title [Paper presentation]. Conference Name, City, State, Country. URL
Jang, S. (2019, August 8–11). Deconstructing the opposition of natural/arbitrary in Coleridge’s theory of language [Paper presentation]. NASSR 2019: Romantic Elements, Chicago, IL, United States.
Published on
November 6, 2020
by
Jack Caulfield.
Revised on
June 17, 2022.
This article reflects the APA 7th edition guidelines. Click here for APA 6th edition guidelines.
Reports may be published by governments, task groups, or other organizations. To reference a report with an individual author, include the author’s name and initials, the report title (italicized), the report number, the organization that published it, and the URL (if accessed online, e.g. as a PDF).
Bedford, D. A. D. (2017). Enterprise information architecture: An overview (Report No. WA-RD 896.4). Washington State Department of Transportation. https://www.wsdot.wa.gov/research/reports/fullreports/896-4.pdf
