Use these checklists to improve your academic writing

My source is relevant to my research topic.

My source is recent enough to contain up-to-date information on my topic.

There are no glaring grammatical or orthographic errors.

The author is an expert in their field.

The information provided is accurate to the best of my knowledge. I have checked that it is supported by evidence and/or verifiable elsewhere.

My source cites or links to other sources that appear relevant and trustworthy.

There is a way to contact the author or publisher of my source.

The purpose of my source is to educate or inform, not to sell a product or push a particular opinion.

My source is unbiased, and offers multiple perspectives fairly.

My source avoids vague or grandiose claims, and writing that is too emotive or subjective.

[For academic journals]: My source is peer-reviewed and published in a reputable and established journal.

[For web sources]: The layout of my source is professional and recently updated. Backlinks to other sources are up-to-date and not broken.

[For web sources]: My source’s URL suggests the domain is trustworthy, e.g. a .edu address.

I avoid informal terms and contractions.

I avoid second-person pronouns (“you”).

I avoid emotive or exaggerated language.

I avoid redundant words and phrases.

I avoid unnecessary jargon and define terms where needed.

I present information as precisely and accurately as possible.

I use appropriate transitions to show the connections between my ideas.

My text is logically organized using paragraphs.

Each paragraph is focused on a single idea, expressed in a clear topic sentence.

Every part of the text relates to my central thesis or research question.

I support my claims with evidence.

I use the appropriate verb tenses in each section.

I consistently use either UK or US English.

I format numbers consistently.

I cite my sources using a consistent citation style.

My essay follows the requirements of the assignment (topic and length).

My introduction sparks the reader’s interest and provides any necessary background information on the topic.

My introduction contains a thesis statement that states the focus and position of the essay.

I use paragraphs to structure the essay.

I use topic sentences to introduce each paragraph.

Each paragraph has a single focus and a clear connection to the thesis statement.

I make clear transitions between paragraphs and ideas.

My conclusion doesn’t just repeat my points, but draws connections between arguments.

I don’t introduce new arguments or evidence in the conclusion.

I have given an in-text citation for every quote or piece of information I got from another source.

I have included a reference page at the end of my essay, listing full details of all my sources.

My citations and references are correctly formatted according to the required citation style.

My essay has an interesting and informative title.

I have followed all formatting guidelines (e.g. font, page numbers, line spacing).

My first sentence is engaging and relevant.

I have introduced the topic with necessary background information.

I have defined any important terms.

My thesis statement clearly presents my main point or argument.

Everything in the introduction is relevant to the main body of the essay.

I have followed all instructions in the assignment sheet.

My introduction presents my topic in an engaging way and provides necessary background information.

My introduction presents a clear, focused research problem and/or thesis statement.

My paper is logically organized using paragraphs and (if relevant) section headings.

Each paragraph is clearly focused on one central idea, expressed in a clear topic sentence.

Each paragraph is relevant to my research problem or thesis statement.

I have used appropriate transitions to clarify the connections between sections, paragraphs, and sentences.

My conclusion provides a concise answer to the research question or emphasizes how the thesis has been supported.

My conclusion shows how my research has contributed to knowledge or understanding of my topic.

My conclusion does not present any new points or information essential to my argument.

I have provided an in-text citation every time I refer to ideas or information from a source.

I have included a reference list at the end of my paper, consistently formatted according to a specific citation style.

I have thoroughly revised my paper and addressed any feedback from my professor or supervisor.

I have followed all formatting guidelines (page numbers, headers, spacing, etc.).

My statement of purpose clearly responds to the prompt.

I have introduced my academic, professional and/or personal background.

I have described any relevant experience and shown my development over time.

I have highlighted key achievements that demonstrate my talents.

There is a clear connection between my previous experience and my future plans.

I have explained how the program will help me achieve my goals.

I have mentioned specific aspects of the program, department and institution that appeal to me.

Every paragraph focuses on one central idea.

The paragraphs are organized in a logical order and tell a clear, coherent story.

When using someone else’s exact words, I have properly formatted them as a quote.

When using someone else’s ideas, I have properly paraphrased, expressing the idea completely in my own words.

I have included an in-text citation every time I use words, ideas, or information from a source.

Every source I cited is included in the reference list.

I have consistently followed the rules of my required citation style.

I have not committed self-plagiarism by using (parts of) a previous paper.

I have used a reliable plagiarism checker as a final check.

My title page includes all information required by my university.

I have included acknowledgements thanking those who helped me.

My abstract provides a concise summary of the dissertation, giving the reader a clear idea of my key findings or arguments.

I have created a table of contents to help the reader navigate my dissertation.

The table of contents includes all chapter titles, but excludes the title page, acknowledgements, and abstract.

My introduction leads into my topic in an engaging way and shows the relevance of my research.

My introduction clearly defines the focus of my research, stating my research questions and objectives.

My introduction includes an overview of the dissertation’s structure.

I have reviewed the most important literature to show the current state of knowledge on my topic.

My literature review does not just summarize but engages critically with sources, evaluating the strengths and weaknesses of existing research.

My literature review discusses patterns, themes, and debates in the literature.

My literature review shows how my dissertation addresses a gap or contributes something new to existing research.

I have clearly outlined the theoretical framework of my research, explaining the theories and models that support my approach.

I have thoroughly described my methodology, explaining how I collected and analyzed data.

I have concisely and objectively reported all relevant results.

I have evaluated and interpreted the meaning of the results in my discussion.

I have acknowledged any important limitations of the results.

I have clearly stated the answer to my main research question in the conclusion.

I have clearly explained the implications of my conclusion, emphasizing what new insight my research has contributed.

I have provided relevant recommendations for further research or practice.

If relevant, I have included appendices with supplemental information.

I have included an in-text citation every time I use words, ideas, or information from a source.

I have listed every source in a reference list at the end of my dissertation.

I have consistently followed the rules of my chosen citation style.

I have followed all formatting guidelines provided by my university.

The word count is within the required length, or a maximum of one page.

The abstract appears after the title page and acknowledgements and before the table of contents.

I have clearly stated my research problem and objectives.

I have briefly described my methodology.

I have summarized the most important results.

I have stated my main conclusions.

I have mentioned any important limitations and recommendations.

The abstract can be understood by someone without prior knowledge of the topic.

Each table has a number.

Each table has a clear, descriptive title.

All tables are consistently formatted according to my style guide or department’s requirements.

The content of each table is clearly understandable in its own right.

I have referred to each table in the main text.

I have correctly cited the source of any tables reproduced or adapted from other authors.

I have introduced my topic in an engaging way.

I have provided necessary context to help the reader understand my topic.

I have clearly specified the focus of my research.

I have shown the relevance and importance of the research topic.

I have clearly stated the problem or question that my research addresses.

I have outlined the specific objectives of the research.

I have provided an overview of the dissertation’s structure.

I have completed my data collection and analyzed the results.

I have included all results that are relevant to my research questions.

I have concisely and objectively reported each result, including relevant descriptive statistics and inferential statistics.

I have stated whether each hypothesis was supported or refuted.

I have used tables and figures to illustrate my results where appropriate.

All tables and figures are correctly labelled and referred to in the text.

There is no subjective interpretation or speculation on the meaning of the results.

I have concisely summarized the most important findings.

I have discussed and interpreted the results in relation to my research questions.

I have cited relevant literature to show how my results fit in.

I have clearly explained the significance of my results.

If relevant, I have considered alternative explanations of the results.

I have stated the practical and/or theoretical implications of my results.

I have acknowledged and evaluated the limitations of my research.

I have made relevant recommendations for further research or action.

The client can implement the recommendations/measures in the short term.

The recommendations clearly indicate what should be done and by whom.

Each recommendation contains active verbs.

All recommendations are formulated in the same style.

Each recommendation is presented individually and briefly justified.

There are at least three and no more than seven recommendations.

The recommendations are backed by evidence that demonstrates how they will solve the problem.

Even if the recommendation itself is new, the rest of the information is not.

I have clearly and concisely answered the main research question.

I have summarized my overall argument or key takeaways.

I have mentioned any important limitations of the research.

I have given relevant recommendations.

I have clearly explained what my research has contributed to knowledge.

I have not introduced any new data or arguments.

All appendices contain information that is relevant, but not essential, to the main text.

Each appendix starts on a new page.

I have given each appendix a number and clear title.

I have assigned any specific sub-components (e.g., tables and figures) their own numbers and titles.

My appendices are easy to follow and clearly formatted.

I have referred to each appendix at least once in the main text.

Use an appropriate salutation.
Example: Dear Dr. X,

Explain the purpose of your email.
Example: I am writing in follow-up to our meeting on Monday.

Be brief and clear about exactly what you want to say or ask.
Example: I have made the changes that we agreed on. Could you please check and confirm them?

Express your appreciation in advance.
Example: Thanks in advance for your help.

Use an appropriate closing.
Example: Sincerely,